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In immersion foreign language learning, adults attain, retain native speaker brain pattern
Thursday, March 29, 2012A first-of-its kind series of brain studies shows how an adult learning a foreign language can come to use the same brain mechanisms as a native speaker. The research also demonstrates that the kind of exposure you have to the language can determine whether you achieve native-language brain processing, and that learning under immersion conditions may be more effective in reaching this goal than typical classroom training. The research also suggests that the brain consolidates knowledge of the foreign language as time goes on, much like it does when a person learns to ride a bike or play a musical instrument.
The latest in this series of studies was published online in today's PLoS ONE by researchers from Georgetown University Medical Center (GUMC) and the University of Illinois at Chicago.
"In the last few years, research has begun to suggest that adults learning a foreign language can come to rely on the same brain mechanisms as native speakers of a language, and that this might be true even for those parts of a foreign language that are particularly difficult to learn, such as its grammar," explains Michael Ullman, Ph.D., a professor of neuroscience at GUMC and senior investigator of the studies. "We confirmed this in our studies."
However, even if it's true that foreign language learners might be able to achieve native-like processing of grammar, Ullman says it has not at all been clear just how they can get there that is, what exactly allows a learner to attain native-like processing.
Ullman and lead author Kara Morgan-Short, Ph.D., from the University of Illinois at Chicago, first tested whether the conditions under which a person learns a foreign language matter. Specifically, is the type of foreign language exposure typically found in classrooms, with a lot of explanations about the grammar, more or less beneficial than the type of exposure in an immersion situation, in which there are no such explanations, but simply many language examples?
"Surprisingly, previous studies have found that the type of exposure typically found in classrooms leads to better learning than that typically found in immersion. However, no studies have looked at the actual brain mechanisms after different types of exposure," Morgan-Short says. Also, because a foreign language is so slow to learn, previous studies have not examined the outcomes of different types of exposure beyond the early stages of learning, since it would take far too long to wait until participants reached high proficiency, she says.
To get around this problem, the scientists came up with a clever solution. Rather than teach people a full foreign language, they taught them a very small one, with only 13 words, which referred to the pieces and moves of a computer game. The language itself was made-up, and its grammar was constructed so that it was like that of other natural languages, but differed from the participants' native language English in important respects, such as its grammatical structure.
The scientists found that after a few days, adults had indeed reached high proficiency in the language, whether they had undergone classroom- or immersion-like training. However, measures of brain processing showed that different types of training led to different brain mechanisms.
"Only the immersion training led to full native-like brain processing of grammar," Ullman says. "So if you learn a language you can come to use native language brain processes, but you may need immersion rather than classroom exposure." (These results were published online Aug. 23, 2011 in the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.)
For the study published in PLoS ONE, the researchers asked another very interesting question: What happens after you've reached high proficiency in a foreign language, if you're not regularly exposed to it? Do you lose the use of any native-language brain mechanisms that you've attained? Many learners do not always have ongoing exposure, which makes this is a critical question, Ullman says.
So, without having warned their research participants beforehand, the researchers called them an average of five months later, and asked them to come back for another round of brain scanning. Because the language was made-up, the scientists were sure that the participants hadn't had any exposure to it during this entire time.
The researchers weren't sure what they would find, since this was the first study examining the brain after such a period of no exposure. However, previous studies testing only proficiency changes found, not surprisingly, that foreign language learners generally did worse after such periods, so the scientists assumed that the brain would also become less native-like.
"To our surprise, the participants actually became more native like in their brain processing of grammar," Ullman says. "And this was true for both the classroom and immersion training groups, though it was still the case that only the immersion group showed full native-like processing."
Ullman believes that, over time, memory of the language was "consolidated" in the brain, probably by the same mechanisms that also underlie native language. He says this process is probably similar to the consolidation of many other skills that a person might learn, such as learning to ride a bike or play a musical instrument.
Interestingly, the participants showed neither improvements nor loss of proficiency during the same five month period, even as their brains became more native like, Ullman says. The scientists are uncertain why this might be, though it is possible that proficiency changes might in fact have been observed with more precise measures, or that improvements had occurred some time after training but then were gradually lost in the absence of practice during the five months.
Ullman says that even without any observed changes in proficiency, the brain changes are important. "Native language brain mechanisms are clearly well suited to language, so attaining their use is a critical achievement for foreign language learners. We suspect that this should lead to improved retention of the language as well as higher proficiency over time."
###
Georgetown University Medical Center: http://gumc.georgetown.edu
Thanks to Georgetown University Medical Center for this article.
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Hurry and send SMS to cell phones through your laptop today to maximize this practical service. The federative republic of Brazil merely Brazil is the largest and most densely populated country in South America and it is ranked fifth largest worldwide in both population and area. As such, communication could be very crucial at such a giant country where both businesses people would love to pass through a message or two across and never having to shout to the whole world. The good news is today you can send FREE SMS to your leading mobile operator in Brazil, all at the comfort of your property or office. The Free SMS service to the largest mobile operator in Brazil gives you the power to send and receive SMS messages that can comprise of numbers, words or a combination of both to and from your cell phone. SMS is quick answer to form for Short Message Service and are used as a substitute for short calls, keeping track of the stocks, sending oneself alerts through the net orand passing messages and smaller than average notes between as well as family colleagues in places where use of cell phone is prohibited or considered to become rude.
This article series could be the authors try to untangle the net of technologies into easy-to-use patters you need to use in your day-to-day marketing of your respective brand, company, services and products. In Part 2 we?ll take a closer take a look at advanced concepts in mobile marketing like tailor-made specialist and mobile community services. Permission Marketing and What Mobile Marketing is NOTA phone is a highly personal communication gadget. Mobile marketing is not about spamming uninterested those that have irrelevant SMS messages at 200 am. Aside the particular ethical part of spam, it does not work and costs you some huge cash. Marketing activities that depends on the permission of the consumer is often called permission promotion is central to mobile marketing.
Many different companies in Brazil similar to Claro, Oi, Nextel, and Tim, provide this free service included within the wireless telephone service itself. Now, known as service is out there for digital wireless phones from Claro Ideias. Here, users can send short sms up to 225 characters in GSM and 160 characters in CDMA. As stated before, all functions concerning, Torpedos are absolutely gratuitous for clients in the Claro Ideias Company. The Web as well as the Claro cell phone itself can be utilized to send free messages. br to send lots of SMSs (approximately 60 free messages daily) additional Claro users.
Mobile phones have traditionally been less bothered by one of these marketing, but it surely is catching up in use and popularity. The lowered costs of texts make cellphones a nice target for spammers. This is known to sufficient of a trend that GMSA is working to supply an environment where it cannot be replicated within the mobile world the way in which it has run rampant within the computer world. Since about 90% almost all email is spam, an effort to avoid precisely the same waste of time and cash on mobile phones is essential. cell phone user sees about 10% in SMS spam with Asian countries already at a huge 20%. In years past, the one thing that stopped a widespread use of SMS spam was the associated fee of texts.
Sms Place
ByDenise W. Brunette
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In the sport season, sports jersey manufacturers are already having a hard time keeping up with the high demand with the sport fans. Your favorite team jersey may be hard to find or you might have to wait for a few months while it is on back purchase. It is far better to try an order early prior to season starts. Authentic sport jerseys are available in many sports retailers and online. There are a number of sports like golf ball, football, and soccer which may have different jerseys, all worn by many different types of people. In the new years though throwback jerseys, jerseys that are replicas of earlier teams and players have also become quite well-liked.
Basketball jerseys have always been very popular especially on the list of college students. Basketball fans wear NBA jerseys to compliment their state or even favorite teams. Often seen getting worn by megastars on television and also in music video clips, basketball jerseys are viewed as a fashion pattern. Many people are usually wearing them and not the basketball supporters. Football Jerseys have also always been popular, even with his or her recent change in look. Football sports equipment and football jerseys are becoming more fashionable nowadays. The jerseys have grown more vibrant along with colorful, short sleeved, and many show interesting patterns. This is the reason why manufacturers have had difficulty keeping up using the demand for golf ball and football jerseys. If you are planning to buy a jersey of this type expect to hold back at least 8 weeks after placing your order.
Soccer team jerseys have become more popular inside the recent years and therefore are seen being put on by many soccer fans who want to support their favourite team. Thanks to The world Cup 1994 little league championship, the sale involving soccer sports clothing has rose to an all time large. Soccer jerseys tend to be short sleeved, t-shirt like and therefore are usually vibrant shades. Throwback jerseys are getting to be very popular using the younger generations. They are jacket replicas of past sports players or teams. Many school age and pupils have been wearing the crooks to show there support for past fantastic sport players.
Sports fans can be very dedicated with their favorite sport teams and often wear their jerseys proudly in support. Even people which dont like sports happen to be seen wearing the jerseys because of the recent fashion trends. The Sports apparel business has changed into a multi-million dollar business as a result of wide range of folks who wear your clothing. Jerseys have very long since been some sort of trend worn by people off ages and incomes, and recently the particular trend of sporting authentic jerseys have become very popular among school and college students. Whatever the particular person and at whatever age authentic jersey sales are getting to be big business.
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Source: http://www.articles-directory.info/recreation-sports/a-few-facts-on-sports-products-and-apparel/
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Producer Mike Posner says Bieber's next album will make pop artists 'go back to the drawing board.'
By Jocelyn Vena, with reporting by Kara Warner
<P>This week, <a href="http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/bieber_justin/artist.jhtml">Justin Bieber</a> dropped his single <a href="/news/articles/1681772/justin-bieber-boyfriend-mike-posner.jhtml">"Boyfriend,"</a> marking his first step toward making more mature-sounding pop tunes. Co-producer Mike Posner told MTV News that Bieber's upcoming <i>Believe</i> album displays how far he's come since the sugary sweet ditties of his <i>My World</i> days. </P><P> </P><P>"I think our goal was to make something that me and my friends could listen to in the car," Posner explained. "I think we've all known Justin since he was13, and that's not the kid I was in the studio with anymore. He's an 18-year-old. He <a href="/news/articles/1678337/justin-bieber-lil-wayne-studio-visit.jhtml">skateboards with Lil Wayne</a> and hangs out with Lil Twist. Those are his homies. And he listens to hip-hop and he's a really cool kid. He's not like a corny guy. </P><P> </P><P><embed src="http://media.mtvnservices.com/mgid:uma:video:mtv.com:753202/cp~vid%3D753202%26uri%3Dmgid%3Auma%3Avideo%3Amtv.com%3A753202" width="460" height="260" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowFullScreen="true" allowScriptAccess="always" base="."></embed> </P><P> </P><P>"So I wanted to make something that reflected who he is now and who he is going to continue to be," he continued. "We're still working more on the project and it sounds really incredible. I think people have been waiting [for] when he's going to turn that corner, and the time is now." </P><P> </P><P>But <i>Believe</i> isn't going to change just Bieber's career, but all of pop music, Posner added. "He's kind of bringing soul back, and rhythm and blues back and definitely hip-hop into his music. I'm really excited to see how it's going to change the landscape, and I know a lot of artists are going to have to go back to the drawing board." </P><P> </P><P><a href="/news/articles/1681595/justin-bieber-boyfriend.jhtml">"Boyfriend" is the lead single</a> off <i>Believe,</i> which will drop later this year. A video is currently in the works, but no release date has been announced. </P><P> </P><P><i>Do you like Justin Bieber's new sound on "Boyfriend"? Leave your comment below!</i></p>
Related Photos Related ArtistsSource: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1681863/justin-bieber-believe-album.jhtml
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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/few-young-women-cancer-steps-preserve-fertility-130248007.html
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SATURDAY, March 24 (HealthDay News) -- An innovative approach using patients' own bone marrow cells to treat chronic heart failure came up short in terms of effectiveness, researchers report.
Use of stem cell therapy to repair the slow, steady damage done to heart muscle and improve heart function is safe, but has not been shown to improve most measures of heart function, the study authors said.
"For the measures we paid most attention to, we saw no effect, there is no question about that," said researcher Dr. Lemuel Moye, a professor of biostatistics at the University of Texas School of Public Health in Houston.
"Ultimately, this is going to pay off handsomely for individuals and for public health in general, but it's going to take years of work," Moye said. "We are the vanguard looking for new promising lines of research."
While the hoped-for results didn't materialize, there appeared to be a small improvement in some patients, he said. "When we looked at another commonly used measure of heart function called ejection fraction, or the strength of the heart's pumping, that's where all the action was," Moye noted.
It's hard to know which measures of heart function to look at, Moye explained. "We have had some difficulty with that," he said.
Future research will look at other measures of heart function, pay more attention to the characteristics of the cells that are injected and determine which cells are best, he added.
Cardiac cells and other types of specially prepared cells are available now that were not accessible when this study started in 2009, Moye pointed out.
The results of the trial, which was sponsored by the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, were to be presented Saturday at the American College of Cardiology's annual meeting in Chicago. The report was also published online March 24 in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
For the study, Moye and colleagues worked with 92 patients, average age 63 and mostly male, who had heart failure with and without chest pain. They were randomly assigned to receive either an injection of 100 million bone marrow cells from their own bone marrow, or an inactive placebo. Patients in both groups also received aggressive medical therapy.
During the trial, the researchers looked for improvements in blood volume in the heart, oxygen use by the heart and blood flow through the heart.
After six months, the researchers said they saw no difference between the groups in these measures. Nor was any difference seen in the extent of heart damage, heart movement during contractions or overall condition.
Moye's team did find a slight improvement in the heart's ability to pump blood among patients 62 and younger. The improvement was small, only 3.1 percent, but patients in the placebo group declined 1.6 percent in this measure, they said.
It's possible that cells of younger people are more potent, and that's borne out by improvement in heart function seen in younger patients who did not get bone marrow cells, Moye said.
"We have demonstrated that the characteristics of the cells are correlated with heart function, so that the better the cells, the better the response -- so even in patients who did not get stem cells, those younger patients did better," he said.
Commenting on the study, Dr. Gregg Fonarow, director of the Ahmanson-University of California, Los Angeles, Cardiomyopathy Center, said there has been "tremendous interest in cell-based therapies" to treat acute and chronic heart disease and chronic heart failure.
Most studies trying delivery of different types of cells have been small and not adequately powered to demonstrate improvement in cardiac function or clinical outcomes, and results have been mixed, Fonarow said.
"While this study failed to meet any of its primary or secondary endpoints, the insights provided will be helpful in designing future trials," Fonarow added. "However, whether cell-based therapies will be of therapeutic value to patients with heart disease and heart failure remains to be seen."
More information
For more information on heart disease, visit the American Heart Association.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/stem-cell-trial-failed-treat-heart-failure-160206537.html
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Internet Advertising is something that will have many benefits for both on the web and real world companies. Many little business owners decide to market their business and they don?t even know there are many available benefits. You are going to find that marketing and advertising is something that isn?t easy regardless of your business and obviously Internet Advertising is just as difficult. You are additionally going to find a in relation to any kind of marketing and advertising whether online or offline persistence, cash and in addition loads of work is involved. If you have the appropriate knowledge of Internet marketing and advertising, you can use it to build up your business, even if it?s offline.
Working Online At Home
It hasn?t taken a really long time for the Internet to become the form of communication used by most men and women, and it?s even becoming the place men and women are doing their shopping. Simply because they don?t need to travel and simply because things are so much cheaper on the net, loads of men and women are doing loads of their shopping on the net. For this reason you ought to comprehend that the Internet is really a wonderful way to market just about any type of business or product. Putting your products online can increase the number of product sales and revitalize your business. Antique stores are marketing their products on eBay as a way of increasing their profits, and completely changing the way they do business.
Traditional advertising methods are considerably more expensive than using Internet marketing and advertising, and there won?t be any flyers or brochures needed. You need to comprehend that putting your product on eBay or constructing a web site to sell your product from is much cheaper when compared with radio or TV Marketing and advertising. Something else you ought to be considering is the vastness of the Internet, you need to remember that when advertising online, the planet is your customer. If you have a well known product that loads of men and women on the net may end up finding your internet site simply because they are searching for your product. I ought to also point out that you are going to be producing more income simply because men and women are actually searching for your product.
Work From Home Blog
Needless to say if you end of building a whole store that carries all of your inventory, you are going to find that it will be open 24 hours a day, seven days every week. If you do not see the value yet with advertising on the net just compare the price of advertising online to other real world advertising costs. Never before has it been simpler to begin a business, and that?s all as a result of the Internet, and right away, you can reach millions of customers. And simply because of email and instant messaging you can have instant contact with any customer or potential customer you may have. You are able to have a significant advantage over your competition when you have a presence online, specifically being able to instantly take orders.
One final thing that I should mention is that in relation to advertising online you are going to find that there are many different methods in which this can be done. You will discover the awareness of your company is going to be increased, and you can produce a relationship with your customers. By now you ought to see all of the advantages of marketing and advertising on the net, and this is something that you ought to think about using immediately.
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Continue reading Angry Birds Space now available for download, pigs will fly
Angry Birds Space now available for download, pigs will fly originally appeared on Engadget on Thu, 22 Mar 2012 04:25:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.
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[ [ [['French police stepped up the search',17]], ', '0' ], [ [['Seeking to elevate his candidacy back to a general', 8]], '28660934', '0' ], [ [['The tragic story of Trayvon Martin', 4]], '28647343', '0' ], [ [['Karzai will get a chance soon to express', 8]], '28630306', '0' ], [ [['powerful storms stretching', 8]], '28493546', '0' ], [ [['basic norm that death is private', 6]], '28413590', '0' ], [ [['songwriter also saw a surge in sales for her debut album', 6]], '28413590', '1', 'Watch music videos from Whitney Houston ', 'on Yahoo! Music', 'http://music.yahoo.com' ], [ [['keyword', 99999999999999999999999]], 'videoID', '1', 'overwrite-pre-description', 'overwrite-link-string', 'overwrite-link-url' ] ]
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/obama-welcomes-irish-pm-white-house-152504543.html
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Public release date: 19-Mar-2012
Share ] Contact: Kimberly Allen
allenkc@mit.edu
617-253-2702
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
For 27 years, the Concorde provided its passengers with a rare luxury: time saved. For a pricey fare, the sleek supersonic jet ferried its ticketholders from New York to Paris in a mere three-and-a-half hours just enough time for a nap and an aperitif. Over the years, expensive tickets, high fuel costs, limited seating and noise disruption from the jet's sonic boom slowed interest and ticket sales. On Nov. 26, 2003, the Concorde and commercial supersonic travel retired from service.
Since then, a number of groups have been working on designs for the next generation of supersonic jets. Now an MIT researcher has come up with a concept that may solve many of the problems that grounded the Concorde. Qiqi Wang, an assistant professor of aeronautics and astronautics, says the solution, in principle, is simple: Instead of flying with one wing to a side, why not two?
Wang and his colleagues Rui Hu, a postdoc in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Antony Jameson, a professor of engineering at Stanford University, have shown through a computer model that a modified biplane can, in fact, produce significantly less drag than a conventional single-wing aircraft at supersonic cruise speeds. The group will publish their results in the Journal of Aircraft.
This decreased drag, according to Wang, means the plane would require less fuel to fly. It also means the plane would produce less of a sonic boom.
"The sonic boom is really the shock waves created by the supersonic airplanes, propagated to the ground," Wang says. "It's like hearing gunfire. It's so annoying that supersonic jets were not allowed to fly over land."
Double the wings, double the fun
With Wang's design, a jet with two wings one positioned above the other would cancel out the shock waves produced from either wing alone. Wang credits German engineer Adolf Busemann for the original concept. In the 1950s, Busemann came up with a biplane design that essentially eliminates shock waves at supersonic speeds.
Normally, as a conventional jet nears the speed of sound, air starts to compress at the front and back of the jet. As the plane reaches and surpasses the speed of sound, or Mach 1, the sudden increase in air pressure creates two huge shock waves that radiate out at both ends of the plane, producing a sonic boom.
Through calculations, Busemann found that a biplane design could essentially do away with shock waves. Each wing of the design, when seen from the side, is shaped like a flattened triangle, with the top and bottom wings pointing toward each other. The configuration, according to his calculations, cancels out shock waves produced by each wing alone.
However, the design lacks lift: The two wings create a very narrow channel through which only a limited amount of air can flow. When transitioning to supersonic speeds, the channel, Wang says, could essentially "choke," creating incredible drag. While the design could work beautifully at supersonic speeds, it can't overcome the drag to reach those speeds.
Giving lift to a grounded theory
To address the drag issue, Wang, Hu and Jameson designed a computer model to simulate the performance of Busemann's biplane at various speeds. At a given speed, the model determined the optimal wing shape to minimize drag. The researchers then aggregated the results from a dozen different speeds and 700 wing configurations to come up with an optimal shape for each wing.
They found that smoothing out the inner surface of each wing slightly created a wider channel through which air could flow. The researchers also found that by bumping out the top edge of the higher wing, and the bottom edge of the lower wing, the conceptual plane was able to fly at supersonic speeds, with half the drag of conventional supersonic jets such as the Concorde. Wang says this kind of performance could potentially cut the amount of fuel required to fly the plane by more than half.
"If you think about it, when you take off, not only do you have to carry the passengers, but also the fuel, and if you can reduce the fuel burn, you can reduce how much fuel you need to carry, which in turn reduces the size of the structure you need to carry the fuel," Wang says. "It's kind of a chain reaction."
The team's next step is to design a three-dimensional model to account for other factors affecting flight. While the MIT researchers are looking for a single optimal design for supersonic flight, Wang points out that a group in Japan has made progress in designing a Busemann-like biplane with moving parts: The wings would essentially change shape in mid-flight to attain supersonic speeds.
"Now people are having more ideas on how to improve [Busemann's] design," Wang says. "This may lead to a dramatic improvement, and there may be a boom in the field in the coming years."
###
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 19-Mar-2012 Share ] Contact: Kimberly Allen
allenkc@mit.edu
617-253-2702
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
For 27 years, the Concorde provided its passengers with a rare luxury: time saved. For a pricey fare, the sleek supersonic jet ferried its ticketholders from New York to Paris in a mere three-and-a-half hours just enough time for a nap and an aperitif. Over the years, expensive tickets, high fuel costs, limited seating and noise disruption from the jet's sonic boom slowed interest and ticket sales. On Nov. 26, 2003, the Concorde and commercial supersonic travel retired from service.
Since then, a number of groups have been working on designs for the next generation of supersonic jets. Now an MIT researcher has come up with a concept that may solve many of the problems that grounded the Concorde. Qiqi Wang, an assistant professor of aeronautics and astronautics, says the solution, in principle, is simple: Instead of flying with one wing to a side, why not two?
Wang and his colleagues Rui Hu, a postdoc in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Antony Jameson, a professor of engineering at Stanford University, have shown through a computer model that a modified biplane can, in fact, produce significantly less drag than a conventional single-wing aircraft at supersonic cruise speeds. The group will publish their results in the Journal of Aircraft.
This decreased drag, according to Wang, means the plane would require less fuel to fly. It also means the plane would produce less of a sonic boom.
"The sonic boom is really the shock waves created by the supersonic airplanes, propagated to the ground," Wang says. "It's like hearing gunfire. It's so annoying that supersonic jets were not allowed to fly over land."
Double the wings, double the fun
With Wang's design, a jet with two wings one positioned above the other would cancel out the shock waves produced from either wing alone. Wang credits German engineer Adolf Busemann for the original concept. In the 1950s, Busemann came up with a biplane design that essentially eliminates shock waves at supersonic speeds.
Normally, as a conventional jet nears the speed of sound, air starts to compress at the front and back of the jet. As the plane reaches and surpasses the speed of sound, or Mach 1, the sudden increase in air pressure creates two huge shock waves that radiate out at both ends of the plane, producing a sonic boom.
Through calculations, Busemann found that a biplane design could essentially do away with shock waves. Each wing of the design, when seen from the side, is shaped like a flattened triangle, with the top and bottom wings pointing toward each other. The configuration, according to his calculations, cancels out shock waves produced by each wing alone.
However, the design lacks lift: The two wings create a very narrow channel through which only a limited amount of air can flow. When transitioning to supersonic speeds, the channel, Wang says, could essentially "choke," creating incredible drag. While the design could work beautifully at supersonic speeds, it can't overcome the drag to reach those speeds.
Giving lift to a grounded theory
To address the drag issue, Wang, Hu and Jameson designed a computer model to simulate the performance of Busemann's biplane at various speeds. At a given speed, the model determined the optimal wing shape to minimize drag. The researchers then aggregated the results from a dozen different speeds and 700 wing configurations to come up with an optimal shape for each wing.
They found that smoothing out the inner surface of each wing slightly created a wider channel through which air could flow. The researchers also found that by bumping out the top edge of the higher wing, and the bottom edge of the lower wing, the conceptual plane was able to fly at supersonic speeds, with half the drag of conventional supersonic jets such as the Concorde. Wang says this kind of performance could potentially cut the amount of fuel required to fly the plane by more than half.
"If you think about it, when you take off, not only do you have to carry the passengers, but also the fuel, and if you can reduce the fuel burn, you can reduce how much fuel you need to carry, which in turn reduces the size of the structure you need to carry the fuel," Wang says. "It's kind of a chain reaction."
The team's next step is to design a three-dimensional model to account for other factors affecting flight. While the MIT researchers are looking for a single optimal design for supersonic flight, Wang points out that a group in Japan has made progress in designing a Busemann-like biplane with moving parts: The wings would essentially change shape in mid-flight to attain supersonic speeds.
"Now people are having more ideas on how to improve [Busemann's] design," Wang says. "This may lead to a dramatic improvement, and there may be a boom in the field in the coming years."
###
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-03/miot-abt031912.php
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Let?s face it,cheap jerseys nhl,meantime it comes apt the biggest day of your life,ugg boot sale, your daytime job matters mini Whether you?re a vehicle warden,north face clearance, CEO alternatively absolutely a photographer,burberry stores, engaging within holy marriage namely supposed to be one of the maximum special days of your lives. The problem with such a pinnacle occurrence as a wedding is that they have a proclivity apt fly forward among a fog of affection Luckily as professionals such as us,asics online, that?s why people employ marrying photographers. But what accurate do prospective lovebirds look for among a photographer? In a world where marrying photographers are seemingly as general as lawyers how do you stand out from the audience?
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Do you ever appear at a loving, committed couple and with that you could have that type of commitment with someone? How do accomplish that sort of commitment in a relationship? Commitment takes time; it does not occur immediately when you 1st start dating. Many people will begin dating due to a sexual attraction and/or shared interests and the relationship starts at as an enjoyable, caring relationship. It isnt until a couple has been together for some times that they really turn out to be committed to 1 another. When you have skilled many different occasions in life together, both good and poor, you create an unique bond that may then final a lifetime.
Relationships are challenging and anybody that tries to tell you any various is lying. Even the very best of relationships have their rough patches from time to time. Men and ladies are totally various and will not agree on completely everything, so the perfect relationship 100% of the time is virtually impossible. Together with the differences between sexes, there can also be cultural and social differences that may affect a relationship. When a couple first meet and 1st begin dating every thing appears perfect. Sex is great and you would like to spend each and every waking moment together. This new relationship period can last fairly a lengthy time but is usually passing by the time youve dated for 1 year.
By the time youve been dating for a year you are becoming more accustomed to 1 another and may even start to take one an additional for granted. Some things that you once adored about your partner might now be annoying and even though sex is still great it has lost the fireworks it had at the starting. It is at this time that they honeymoon period is over.
Its at this point within the relationship exactly where you will truly find out whether this relationship will last. When you move past the honeymoon period you may move onto a period where you start to fight and argue a lot. You start to irritate each other and neither one of you will want to give in and admit theyre wrong. You have to learn to communicate with one another to survive this phase of a relationship. Sadly, good communication skills are something that were not taught at school and its not always something that we discover from our parents either. These skills are significantly required skills inside a relationship though and with out good communication a relationship can fail quick. If you can learn to communicate with one another then you can get past this challenging stage of your relationship.
In the event you survive this challenging stage of ones relationship then you should be very committed to one an additional by now. Youve lived via the highs (the honeymoon stage) and the lows (the fighting stage) and you have survived. Your relationship is now significantly stronger and committed. Youve come to know 1 another intimately and youve accepted any differences which you have. You have accepted one another?s faults and youve produced compromising on those issues you dont agree on.
When you reach this committed stage there is no reason why your relationship cannot last a lifetime. When you love somebody sufficient to commit to them then you can be extremely happy together for the rest of your lives.
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Created: March 13, 2012 Last Updated: March 13, 2012
Actress Jessica Lange arrives to The Paley Center for Media's PaleyFest 2012 honoring 'American Horror Story' at Saban Theatre on March 2, 2012 in Beverly Hills, California. Alberto E. Rodriguez/Getty Images
\>");From March 2-14, 2012, the annual television festival, PaleyFest, is taking place at the Saban Theatre in Beverly Hills, CA. ?PaleyFest is unique in making available to the general public in depth panel discussions as well are views of up-coming unscreened episodes of heavily watched shows. The event is a celebration of some of the best of television, and this year thirteen shows from seven different networks are fielding panels of producers, actors, and writers responsible for many of the season?s most popular hit series.
Each night of the event will feature a different panel of players who will discuss the creative choices that go into making their particular show special.
Questions will be taken from the moderator, who changes with each panel, as well as from members of the audience and the Q&A portion of the program will be followed by an autograph and photograph session for fans.
On tap for opening night was Ryan Murphy?s FX sensation, ?American Horror Story,? starring Dylan McDermott and Jessica Lange. Lange recently won a Golden Globe and SAG acting award for her role. This panel was followed on consecutive nights by Dan Harmon?s NBC college comedy, ?Community? (March 3), Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz?s new ABC fairytale drama, ?Once Upon a Time,? starring Jennifer Morrison and Robert Carlyle (March 4), Liz Meriwether?s quirky comedy hit, ?New Girl,? starring Zooey Deschanel (March 5), the long-running Gervais-Merchant favorite, ?The Office,? developed by Greg Daniels (March 6), and Kurt Sutter?s dark motorcycle drama, ?Sons of Anarchy? (March 7), with Katey Sagal and Ron Perlman.
On March 8 PaleyFest presented the panel for the long-running FOX dramady from Hart Hanson, ?Bones,? starring David Boreanaz and Emily Deschanel, followed by Andrew Marlowe?s classic cop caper dramedy, ?Castle,? starring Nathan Fillion and Stana Katic (March 9), Kevin Williamson and Julie Plec?s CW cult favorite, ?The Vampire Diaries,? starring Ian Somerhalder, winner of a dozen hottest-guy-on-the-tube awards (March 10), Mike Kelley?s new smash, ?Revenge,? with Emily VanCamp (March 11), Chuck Lorre and Lee Aronsohn?s recently retooled CBS comedy, ?Two and a Half Men? (March 12), and Matthew Weiner?s retro AMC drama, ?Mad Men? (March 13). The festival closes on March 14, with Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan?s wildly popular ?Modern Family.?Source: http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/arts-entertainment/paleyfest-gets-festive-204027.html
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'That would work for me,' Rosado jokes to MTV News about his awards-filled, post-'Idol' plans.
By James Montgomery
Jeremy Rosado
Photo: MTV News
Jeremy Rosado wasn't exactly surprised to hear his name called during last week's "American Idol" elimination show — telling USA Today he had a "gut feeling" that his time was up — but he was rather shocked to hear "Idol" mentor Jimmy Iovine's criticisms of his performance ... mostly because he didn't think they were warranted.
"I didn't think that it was as bad as a couple of them were saying; but, you know, Jimmy's a great guy, and he was hoping for the best ... unfortunately I guess to him it didn't turn out the way he wanted," Rosado told MTV News. "But, I'm grateful, and I'm grateful to ["Idol" judges] Randy [Jackson] and Steven [Tyler] as well. No matter what happened, there were 112,000 people that auditioned for the show, and praise God, they chose me to be in their top 13, you know? I couldn't be more grateful."
Of course, Rosado is most grateful to "Idol" judge Jennifer Lopez, who not only seemed to be his biggest supporter on the show, but coined his now ubiquitous nickname: Jer-Bear. And then, after he had been eliminated, well, she helped change his mood considerably.
"Jer-Bear, yeah, I think I'm going to try and get it copyrighted or something," he laughed. "Jennifer gave me a kiss on my check twice, and I got eliminated that day, but she made me feel a little bit better ... a lot bit better. And to think someone like her or [last week's mentor] Mary J. Blige [could] fall in love with my voice, and with me as a person? That doesn't happen every day, so I'm forever grateful."
And though he'll be the first to admit that his nerves got the better of him last week — "Not being voted into the top 13 definitely played with my head a lot," he said — he's already realizing the benefits that being showcased on "Idol" are pretty great ... and he's looking to take full advantage of them.
"I love acting, and singing is definitely my #1 passion; I'm definitely going to continue to sing," he said. "And hopefully, this is the huge dream, I'm just going to lay it out for you: I'm going to be on a TV show, I'm going to be in a couple movies, I'm going to win an Oscar — this is what I want — I want to win 17 Grammys and, I think that's good. ... That would work for me."
Get your "Idol" fix on MTV News' "American Idol" page, where you'll find all the latest news, interviews and opinions.
Related PhotosSource: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1680918/american-idol-jeremy-rosado.jhtml
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Article
by Rachelle Kirk
Women are three times more likely to develop hand and wrist condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome. This may be due to the anatomy of a small woman, wrist size, and bone structure. Carpal tunnel syndrome can cause various symptoms. Many people experience pain and acute pain in the forearm, wrist, hand and fingers. Numbness or tingling sensation is sometimes felt in the arm, hand and wrist. Some people notice a lack of strength or dexterity of the hand and fingers. Wrist pain is often worse at night, sometimes causing people with carpal tunnel syndrome to lose sleep. If you have been diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome, you might wonder how you got this disorder.
People usually get carpal tunnel syndrome from overuse of their hands or by working with their hands at an awkward angle. The disorder is currently classified as a repetitive strain injuries or cumulative trauma disorder resulting from prolonged repetitive activities that, over time, can cause stress and trauma to a body part. In the case of carpal tunnel syndrome, the most affected area is the median nerve. Although most people associate the hand and wrist condition with excessive typing, in the reality of this disorder can be caused by the following types of career and activities: nurses, health workers, musicians, librarians, teachers, cooks, cashiers, dog groomers, computer programmers, dental hygienists, the keepers of books, hairdressers, workers in the first assembly line, artists, housekeepers, file clerks, waitresses, bakers, gardeners, and caregivers. Some sports also contribute to repetitive strain examined in the golf and tennis. There are other factors that may contribute to the sensitivity of the median nerve, looking as heredity or injury to the neck, arm, wrist or. People who sleep with their arm stuck under them, or who sleep with their wrist bent at an unusual angle are more at risk of developing this condition. Hormonal changes can cause carpal tunnel syndrome. This is most often seen in pregnancy and during menopause. Fortunately, if you have been diagnosed with this disorder during pregnancy, the state usually heal on its own. Because the duration of menopause varies from person to fall, it is more difficult to speculate on when the hormonal changes a person wants. Being overweight increases your chances of getting the disorder. This is perhaps because, as an entire person?s body mass increases, the nerve conduction velocity may decrease. Therefore, obesity may have a negative impact nerve transmission in the arm, wrist and hand. Having an autoimmune disease that is Increases the likelihood of being diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. Women are much more prone to autoimmune conditions examined in rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, fibromyalgia and lupus erythematosus. Although the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome usually appear gradually, many people are finally able to rethink when the disease began, allowing them to determine the root cause or contributing factors of this condition. divRachelle Kirk spoke in hospitals and health events on the boards of health, natural chiropractic treatment and ways to get rid of tension headaches, href target=?_new? href=?http://www.flickr.com/photos/28142983@N07/5115039031?> carpal tunnel syndrome , and other health problems.
It won't be much to look at ? a few inches across, shaped rather like a coffee cup attached to a Kindle ? but to Kasper, it'll serve as eyes across nearly 100 million miles of space.
In less than seven years, that cup will be journeying to the center of the solar system to scoop up bits of the sun.
"This really has been a life's dream," said Kasper, of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Mass.
In 2018, NASA is scheduled to launch a spacecraft from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida to fly, Icarus-like, dangerously close to our star.
Fitted with a select set of instruments, Solar Probe Plus will address two questions that solar physicists have tussled with for decades: How does the corona, that ghostly, spiked halo seen during a total solar eclipse, heat to more than a million degrees, far hotter than the sun's surface? And what powers the solar wind, the stream of charged particles that flows from the corona?
An up-close look at the sun may ultimately help scientists predict solar flares, as well as coronal mass ejections ? "solar storms" like those launched at Earth last week. These events send a barrage of high-energy particles crashing against the Earth's magnetic field, at times disabling satellites, wiping out power grids, forcing airlines to reroute flights and potentially exposing astronauts to fatal doses of radiation.
Scientists have sent probes to the solar system's edge, but never so near its heart. Coming within 3.7 million miles of the sun's surface ? 25 times closer than Earth ? the 1,350-pound unmanned spacecraft will heat to 2,600 degrees Fahrenheit and endure 512 times the sunlight of vessels orbiting Earth. It is expected to make its first approach from that distance in 2024.
The mission "will undoubtedly have impact on our ideas about how life operates throughout the universe ? if life does operate throughout the universe ? how our planet evolved and how we're going to contend with the further exploration of space," said Richard Fisher, director of NASA's heliophysics division.
Half a century in the making, with an estimated price tag of $1.2 billion and barely 88 pounds allotted to experimental hardware, the project spawned fierce competition among heliophysicists for a piece of the action.
In September 2010, Kasper learned that his proposal to count the electrons, protons and helium ions in the solar wind had won one of five coveted spots. He happily ripped open boxes filled with commemorative copies of the proposal ? he'd let them gather dust for months, afraid to jinx his chances ? and passed them out to his team.
Now, with the instruments selected and the project's next phase underway, some researchers are elated while others tussle with a mix of emotions: sadness at being left out and excitement at what their field stands to learn.
Other spacecraft have ventured toward the sun before: In 1976 the Helios 2 mission came within 27 million miles. The European Space Agency plans to launch a solar orbiter in 2017 that will come as close as 26 million miles.
But Solar Probe Plus, to be built by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, is more ambitious by far, venturing seven times closer.
Scientists have talked of such a journey since the 1950s, but plans were always logistically fraught and prohibitively expensive.
They had wanted to study the solar poles because the sun's magnetic field would be strongest there. But this meant flying over and under the sun rather than girdling its middle like the planets, requiring huge amounts of energy.
The proposed solution: Send the probe to Jupiter, whose gravity would twice lob it back toward the sun, over its north pole and under its south pole.
But sending a probe to such cold, dark reaches of space would require nuclear power ? not just solar ? and thus a heavy cooling system. Costs mounted.
Time and again, the mission was revived and then shelved.
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